This weekend I stumbled across a video posted on http://rt.com/ that made me question everything I believed about modern day computing. Richard Stallman expresses some eye opening views on computing, free software, and the dangers of social networking websites.

Source: Stallman: Facebook IS Mass Surveillance

Free Software

After reading further, I found myself becoming very excited about the ideas of free software (free as in freedom, not as in free beer). I spent quite a bit of time reading up on The GNU Operating System and I am very impressed. I tried out several GNU/Linux distros including Dragora, gNewSense, and the eventual winner Parabola, which is a variant of Arch Linux striving to be purely GNU/Linux-libre. “Linux-libre is a project that aims to publish and maintain modified versions of the Linux kernel that include only free software.” Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a very clean and pure distro to aide you in your quest to promote and use free software.

The Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation, or FSF, is the not for profit organization that is pushing towards the GNU ideals of free software. According to their website, “The FSF advocates for free software ideals as outlined in the Free Software Definition, works for adoption of free software and free media formats, and organizes activist campaigns against threats to user freedom like Windows 7, Apple’s iPhone and OS X, DRM on ebooks and movies, and software patents.” This is simply amazing!

Recommended Free Software Alternatives

• Chrome, Chromium, Firefox -> Icecat, Luakit
• MS Office, OpenOffice -> Libreoffice
• Outlook, Thunderbird -> Evolution, Thunderbird-libre
• Sun JDK, Sun JRE -> OpenJDK

Necessary Sacrifice

Please understand that in order to take the dive into the world of free software and computing freedom that there are sacrifices involved. There are several software packages that you may rely on every day that you don’t realize are non-free. Making the leap to one of the GNU/Linux pure free distros could come as quite a shock to some. Some of the major software I will miss includes flashplayer, Chromium, and I am sure more to come as I use Parabola this week at work. You have been warned! But keep in mind, the sacrifice is for the greater good. Using and promoting purely free software is the only way to go. The user deserves the freedom. You deserve the freedom. If you want to modify a program to do something random that you want it to do, then you should be able to.

Further Resources

• GNU Software Licenses
• List of GNU/Linux Distros
• Hardware Supported by Free Software/Drivers
• FSF List of Wireless Cards
• Upgrade Instructions from Arch to Parabola
• My Recommended Cheap USB Wifi Card (Uses ath9k_htc driver)

Operating Systems of Choice
Server: Debian Squeeze
Desktop: Arch Linux
Phone: Android

I am starting to nerd out a lot more lately and will expand TechnoGeeks to be able to magically host several projects of mine. This includes web applications written in PHP, Ruby, and Lua! I started playing around with some of the Kepler Project frameworks (WSAPI, Xavante, and Orbit) and have a fully functioning Code Snippet library called Snippy. Orbit is ULTRA FAST but the documentation and code maintenance is VERY POOR. I really hope these guys clean things up as they have something really nice going here. More updates soon!

Update 12/5/2011:
I have several new projects and services that are now up!

• Snippy: Lua MVC App (Orbit) for Code Snippets
• Bittie: A personal link shortener
• Apache Vysper: XMPP Service

Also, please keep in mind that these are solely the views of me and me alone. You may or may not agree with me and that is fine. I am simply giving you my opinions and feelings that I have after undertaking this epic journey.

February 2010 – Ubuntu

At this point I just got a new job and my main desktop and server experience was with Ubuntu. The shop mainly uses Ubuntu for their work machines so it was the obvious choice. It was a typical Ubuntu install with the Gnome window manager.

Pros:

• Things just work!
• Company Supported
• Comfortable Waters

Cons:

• Bloated and Slow
• Pulseaudio HATE!

April 2010 – Arch Linux

A buddy of mine at work was highly influential, and still is. He was constantly raving about Arch Linux and eventually got me overly curious. He helped me struggle through the installation and I read through their absolutely amazing wiki docs and picked everything up quick. It is quite impressive. He also convinced me to try awesome window manager which is amazing once you get the key bindings down. However, I originally got fed up with Arch because it was so different and jumped ship.

Pros:

• Minimalistic
• Rolling release system
• Choice of source (ABS) or binaries (Pacman)
• Active and passionate community
• Ability to easily recompile kernels

Cons:

• Very different than the norm
• Demanding initial installation
• Prone to random breakage

June 2010 – Xubuntu / Lubuntu

After using awesome with Arch I wanted to try something more lightweight than gnome so I went for Xubuntu. XFCE and LXDE basically provide most of the functionality of Gnome without the bloat. After a while I missed awesome and installed it and switched back to it but still was using apt packages. I coasted with the Xubuntu + awesome install for a long time as I had no real urge to switch until I started having the random urges to play with source code again.

Pros:

• Lightweight
• Ubuntu core with apt packages

Cons:

• Missing ability to compile stuff from source easily

January 2011 – Gentoo

I have had some bad experiences with Gentoo in the past due to lack of understand but I wanted to try a source based distro again. I finally got a sound understand of proper configurations and how to effectively use portage this time, but a little late. I was absolutely terrified to upgrade packages because I originally accepted ~amd64 for the first half of use and was scared what would happen after I started white listing on a package basis. I originally could not get some core needs to work, such as PPP with my USB EVDO card and the Ruby-GTK bindings with some applications I needed for work.

Pros:

• Source based
• Extremely easy to recompile kernel

Cons:

• Could never get certain needs to function
• Huge installation time
• No option for binaries, packages take ages to compile

March 2011 – FreeBSD 8.2

A buddy at work (yes, the same one) convinced me to try FreeBSD. I had issues with the installer and it took a while to figure out that I needed to load a kernel module so it would recognize my drive labels. After that, the install was a breeze and I really liked everything. The deal breakers this time is lack of compatibility with lots of 64 bit apps (virtualbox being a biggie). I also could not use Chromium, AFS, or my USB EVDO card. It was a fun two weeks though!

Pros:

• Choice of source (Ports) or binaries (pkg_add)
• Minimalistic

Cons:

• Could never get critical needs to function
• Poor 64 bit support

April 2011 – Ubuntu 10.10
Went back to Ubuntu on a whim. Everything just works even better than I last tried but Gnome is just as bloated as ever. I also saw that btrfs is now native in Ubuntu and gave it a try. I would recommend holding off as I dont think it is quite ready yet. Extracting a tarball pretty much tanked the box and I noticed that btrfs requires about 20-25 processes to always be running for it to function. WTF? I then started playing with source packages. I wrote a script called snag that made the downloading, building, and extracting trivial. This, however, was not enough. I then pondered for a several days on which operating system is closest to my idea of the most ideal. My requirements were simple.

• Minimal, lacking bloat
• Capability to easily recompile kernel
• Choice of binary or source packages
• All of my core needs for work are possible (AFS, EVDO, virtualbox, wine, etc.)

If you peaked ahead you already know my choice. If you haven’t read ahead, can you guess before moving your eyes below which one I chose?

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April 2011 to Current – Back to Arch!
You guessed it (I think)! I am heading back to Arch tonight and I can’t wait. It is the only distribution where everything I need has worked in the past. It is also the only one that meets all of the criteria that I have for what I consider an ideal operating system. I hope to make it last. Wish me luck!

While learning Lua for WoW addons, I was lucky enough to discover a neat pure lua app called Sputnik. It is a wiki engine that can be extended to do just about anything you want it to do. For example, I have all of the data storing in git with a git plugin and changed the default auth to hit MySQL instead of a flat file. The possibilities are endless and they have several example plugins for ideas (issue tracker, discussion posts. etc).

I hope one day to get good enough with Sputnik and lua to provide a Postgres auth plugin and a blog plugin as well. Yuri, the project maintainer is really good at answering people that need assistance on their mailing list. It was there that I discovered they have a git repo and a new version: Galaxy.

The bottom line: this project is worth checking out and contributing to people so get to it!

Some essentials:

• WowLua – An addon that allows you to write and run Lua in game.
• Warcraft Addon Studio – A Visual Studio (VB) like application to let you quickly build frames and export them to XML.

Celistine
The first mod I wrote was called Celistine, and was written to monitor my wife in game It allowed her to whisper me for auto-invites to a group, monitors her range and informs me if she is far, and spams her with whispers if my health gets lower than 25%.

Deeps
After that, I decided to modify an example I found in the book I am reading (World of Warcraft Programming) and create a simple frame that displays DPS and other facts as I am in combat. I decided to call it Deeps See below for the screenshots, code, and feel free to try it out yourself.

-- Set up some local variables to track time and damage
local start_time = 0
local end_time = 0
local total_time = 0
local total_damage = 0
local average_dps = 0
local in_combat = false

function CombatTracker_OnLoad(frame)
	frame:RegisterEvent("COMBAT_LOG_EVENT_UNFILTERED")
	frame:RegisterEvent("PLAYER_REGEN_ENABLED")
	frame:RegisterEvent("PLAYER_REGEN_DISABLED")
	frame:RegisterForClicks("RightButtonUp")
	frame:RegisterForDrag("LeftButton")
end

function CombatTracker_OnEvent(frame, event, ...)

	if event == "PLAYER_REGEN_ENABLED" then
		-- This event is called when the player exits combat
		end_time = GetTime()
		total_time = end_time - start_time
		average_dps = total_damage / total_time
		CombatTracker_UpdateText()
		CombatTracker_ReportDPS()
		in_combat = false
	elseif event == "PLAYER_REGEN_DISABLED" then
		-- This event is called when we enter combat
		-- Reset the damage total and start the timer
		CombatTrackerFrameText:SetText("In Combat!")
		total_damage = 0
		start_time = GetTime()
		in_combat = true
	elseif event == "COMBAT_LOG_EVENT_UNFILTERED" and in_combat then
		local timestamp,log_event,source_guid,source_name,source_flags, dest_guid, dest_name, dest_flags, spell_id, spell_name, spell_school, amount = ...

		if string.match(log_event, "_DAMAGE") then
			if source_name == UnitName("player") or source_name == UnitName("pet") then
				--ChatFrame1:AddMessage(source_name .. " is doing teh hurt!")
				if amount ~= nil then
					total_damage = total_damage + amount
					end_time = GetTime()
					total_time = end_time - start_time
					average_dps = total_damage / total_time
					CombatTracker_UpdateText()
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

function CombatTracker_UpdateText()
	local status = string.format("%ds | %d dmg | %.2f dps", total_time, total_damage, average_dps)
	CombatTrackerFrameText:SetText(status)
end

function CombatTracker_ReportDPS()
	local msgformat = "Dished out %d damage in %d seconds (%.2f dps)."
	local msg = string.format(msgformat, total_damage, total_time, average_dps)
	if GetNumPartyMembers() > 0 then
		SendChatMessage(msg, "PARTY")
	else
		ChatFrame1:AddMessage(msg)
	end
end

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 1.2.3.4:80
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to-destination 1.2.3.4:3306
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE

1. Install TFTP server

sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa
sudo start tftpd-hpa

Ensure /var/lib/tftpboot exists. If it does not:

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot

Ensure that the values in /etc/defaults/tftpd-hpa match.

2. Install DHCP server

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo vim /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

Add something similar to the following…

default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 604800;
authoritative;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.15;
        filename "pxelinux.0";
        next-server 192.168.1.121;
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
}

sudo service dhcp3-server start

The next-server option needs to be the IP of the TFTP server. Everything else should be self explanatory.

Before proceeding verify both services are listening.

sudo netstat -upan | awk  '{print $6}'
2008/dhcpd3
582/dhclient
3627/in.tftpd

3. Install syslinux if it is not already (it should be). Copy over pxelinux.0 into the appropriate location.

sudo apt-get install syslinux
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot

4. Download latest clonezilla zip from SourceForge.

sudo unzip clonezilla-live-*.zip
sudo cp live/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo cp live/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo cp live/filesystem.squashfs /var/lib/tftpboot/
cd /var/lib/tftpboot
sudo touch boot.txt
sudo mkdir pxelinux.cfg
sudo touch pxelinux.cfg/default

Your tree should end up looking something like this in the end:

├── boot.txt
├── filesystem.squashfs
├── initrd.img
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│   └── default
└── vmlinuz

5. Create configs

sudo vim boot.txt

I made my menu look something like the following…

========================================================================

 .d8888b.  888                                    d8b 888 888
d88P  Y88b 888                                    Y8P 888 888
888    888 888                                        888 888
888        888  .d88b.  88888b.   .d88b. 88888888 888 888 888  8888b.
888        888 d88""88b 888 "88b d8P  Y8b   d88P  888 888 888     "88b
888    888 888 888  888 888  888 88888888  d88P   888 888 888 .d888888
Y88b  d88P 888 Y88..88P 888  888 Y8b.     d88P    888 888 888 888  888
 "Y8888P"  888  "Y88P"  888  888  "Y8888 88888888 888 888 888 "Y888888 

======== Boot Options: ================================================

>> clonezilla ......... Regular Boot
>> clonezilla_safe .... Failsafe Mode

=======================================================================

And finally the pxe config…

sudo vim pxelinux.cfg/default

Looked something like this:

DISPLAY boot.txt

LABEL clonezilla
	kernel vmlinuz
	append initrd=initrd.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=788 fetch=tftp://192.168.1.121/filesystem.squashfs

LABEL clonezilla_safe
	kernel vmlinuz
	append initrd=initrd.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=normal nomodeset nosplash fetch=tftp://192.168.1.121/filesystem.squashfs

PROMPT 1
TIMEOUT 0

Please note that the IP address should be the IP of the TFTP server!

Now testing with a Dell Latitude E6410 I hit F12 on the BIOS screen, Select Network Adapter, and SUCCESS! You should see your boot.txt with a “boot:” prompt. Please share your experiences and alternative implementations on how you solved this issue. I would love to hear them!

My Test results:
250 GB (239.9 GB after formatting)
67.7 GB in use
175.2 GB free
Transfer Rate: Started at 900 MB/min at first, peaked at 1.91 GB/min, ended at 1.72GB/min, average 1.7 GB/min
Time elapsed: 37 minutes, 41 seconds

Ubuntu 9.10 Pros:
Just works
Apt package management is speedy
Well supported
Attractive
I know it

Ubuntu 9.10 Cons:
Does too much
Gnome is bloated
Deb package dependencies are crazy sometimes
Can be slow at times

Gentoo Pros:
Very trim and lightweight
Forces you to learn and maintain general linux knowledge
Very flexible

Gentoo Cons:
Takes FOREVER to compile packages and dependencies
Emerge can have issues
Not for lazy people (and im pretty lazy)

As I write this post I am on step 9/10 of the install. I will provide updates as time goes on.

Update 1:
I encountered three problems and got them all resolved. I am currently installing Xfce and xdm right now. The problems I faced:
1. Changed password for root user for install, not chrooted gentoo environment.
2. The install CD loads out of date drivers so hard drives show up as hda during install but sda during initial boot. This screwed up both GRUB and /etc/fstab.
3. I forgot to compile my network card drivers into the kernel so my eth0 device didn’t exist.

I also found this quite interesting and hilarious (click on it to read):

Update 2:
Gentoo compiles are taking WAY too long and the installation takes 4+ hours to complete. This is just not an option these days, especially for my work laptop. I decided to give Arch + Xfce a shot and it was a breeze. I still feel like I get way more control than I did in Ubuntu without all of the bloat. I am going to try this out for a while and see how I like it. If for whatever reason I dislike it, I will be switching to Xubuntu and call it a day.

Selling points on Arch:
The Arch Build System – Amazing!
The Arch User Repositories, for must haves like my beloved google-chrome!
Minimalistic approach

Kris I hope you are happy…

• Apache2
• MySQL 5
• Phusion Passenger
• Ruby 1.8.7
• RubyGems + gems

Install All Required Packages from Apt

sudo apt-get install apache2 ruby irb ruby1.8-dev rdoc build-essential libopenssl-ruby apache2-prefork-dev libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev mysql-server libmysql-ruby libmysqlclient-dev

Install RubyGems

wget http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.3.6.tgz
tar xvzf rubygems-1.3.6.tgz
cd rubygems-1.3.6.tgz
sudo ruby setup.rb
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gem1.8 /usr/bin/gem

Install Required Gems

sudo gem install rails passenger mysql

Compile Passenger Apache2 Module

sudo /usr/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module

Configure Apache2

sudo vim /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/phusion.load

Add the following:

LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.11/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.11
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8
RailsEnv development

Setup Test Virtual Host

sudo rm /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/railstest

Add the following:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/testapp/public
</VirtualHost>

Restart Apache2

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Setup Default MySQL Database

mysqladmin create testapp_development -u root -p

Setup Test Rails Application

cd /var/www
sudo rm index.html
rails testapp -d mysql
cd testapp
sudo vim config/database.yml

Put in your root MySQL username and password.

Test!

1. Open browser: http://localhost
2. Click link: About your application’s environment

If you see something like the following then you were successful!

1. Create a directory on a server with SSH to host the notes

ssh tgeek@myserver.example
mkdir tomboy

2. Create an SSH key on each machine that you want to sync with and do necessary prep

ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /path/to/keys/mynewkey tgeek@myserver.example

3. Download sshfs on each machine that you want to sync with

sudo apt-get install sshfs

4. Setup Tomboy to sync

4.1 In Tomboy, goto Preferences.
4.2 Click on the Add-ins tab and ensure that Synchronization -> SSH Sync Service Add-in is Enabled (if it is grayed out then it is disabled).
4.3 Click on the Syncronization tab.
4.4 For Service, choose SSH (sshfs FUSE)
4.5 Enter the credentials for your server that you setup in step 1.
ex. Server: myserver.example
Username: tgeek
Folder Path: /home/tgeek/tomboy
4.6 Click Save

I have this working in Ubuntu 9.10 and it is beautiful!